Prior (2004) Sydney Gay Saunas 1967-2000 Book Analysis

Prior (2004) Sydney Gay Saunas 1967-2000 Book Analysis Farzan Babaei S5030791 Article name: Sydney Gay Saunas 1967-2000: Fight for Civic Acceptance and Experiences Beyond the Threshold Article Source: PhD thesis, School of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of New South Wales Article Author and Year: Jason Hugh Prior (2004) Citation: Prior, J. H. (2004). Sydney gay saunas 1967-2000: Fight for civic acceptance and experiences beyond the threshold (Doctoral thesis). School of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. Introduction and Research Questions Jason Prior is an established researcher particularly in the field of spatial governance and its relation to sexuality, religion, and health and wellbeing. In his PhD thesis titled Sydney Gay Saunas 1967-2000: Fight for Civic Acceptance and Experiences Beyond the Threshold (year), he attempts to shed light on Sydneys gay saunas through two key questions. The first relates to how the gay sauna transitioned from a clandestine operation to a legally recognized and accepted institution considered important within particular environs of the city. The second concerns how the dynamic public domain of the gay sauna contributed to the development of gay culture in the city by fostering the opportunity of collective and individual homosexual expression. Part 1 of Study Methodology and Results In the first part of the study, utilizing his background in urban sociology, planning, and legal geography, Prior draws heavily upon the works of Knopp (1995,1998) and Castells (1983) as a conceptual framework. He uses empirical examination and analysis of documents (including development applications, archival documents, legal records, civic authority records, government gazettes, law reports, records of police raids, government acts, newspaper and magazine articles, and twenty-nine in-depth interviews) as a research methodology, to understand the process of acceptance of gay saunas in Sydneys civic society. Using these data, he traces the history of these establishments from 1967 to 2000. The first gay saunas existed through subterfuge and public charades by disguising themselves from the largely homophobic society as gyms and fitness centres. Through the years that followed, change in legislation which led to the decriminalisation of homosexuality set the stage for the emergence o f the gay sauna into public view and their partial acceptance by civic authorities. Although the emergence of AIDS added a layer of complexity to the process, it led to new alliances between the gay community, medicine and the state government. These alliances played a major role in the eventual acceptance of the gay sauna by civic authorities, judiciary, and citizens as not just social but also sexual institutions. Prior argues that this transformation was possible through the conjunction of greater understanding and acceptance of homosexuality by the general community, the mobilisation of gay activists and the broader radicalism of the 1960s and 70s, and the emergence of enlightened processes by council bureaucracies and the judiciary. Part 2 of Study Methodology and Results Priors background in architecture comes into use in the second part of the study where he examines through an empirical analysis (analysis of the material features of the built form, and twenty-nine in-depth interviews), how the evolving social spaces of Sydneys gay saunas allowed men to develop and experience individual and collective sexual identities and practices. In describing the dynamic nature of these spaces Prior identifies three stages of evolution. The first and most basic/rudimentary stage started with the establishment of the the Bondi Junction Steam Bath, Sydneys first gay sauna. Here the aim was to providing a safe space where men could temporarily escape from the city outside, with a focus on the threshold to protect patrons from the largely homophobic world outside. The second involved the shift of focus from the threshold to the development of the domain, into the creation of a space that was more socially, sexually, and psychology enabling for the expression of hom osexuality. This golden age of the saunas aligned with the gay liberation movement. The last stage focuses on the redesign of the domain into a safe sex venue to cope with the new experience of sexuality that AIDS awareness evoked. These stages involved changes to the physical realm of the saunas, which in turn affected the type of sexual activity that took place. Critical Review/ Contextualization within other works Priors well-structured and comprehensive study fills a gap in the existing literature by adding to the largely unexplored realm of gay bathhouses in the Australian context. In describing the history of these establishments, he continually draws parallels between the United States and Australia which provides readers with a broader perspective, and highlights the uniqueness of this particular context. The first part of the study which deals with the sexualisation of urban space is contextualized within the body of works of Foucault (1990), Castells, and Knopp, while the second part of the study which concerns how designed sexual environments affect sexual practises fits within the works of Brodsky (1993), Rubin (1991), and Tattelman (1999). Priors work also contributes to the broader topic of studies specifically on gay saunas. The latter includes ethnographies particularly in the american context (Weinberg Williams, 1975; Styles, 1979; Chauncey, 1994), the study of saunas from a more architectural perspective where alternate design possibilities and concepts of queer space are explored (Tattelman, 2000; Betsky, 1997), and more recently, studies on AIDS prevention research (Bolton, Vincke, Mak, 1994; Binson Woods, 2003; Lyons, Smith, Grierson, Doussa, 2010). Link to my Research The inter-relation between sexual culture, the built-form, and the social/sexual relations that forms the core of Priors work, is a theme that I want to carry forward and build onto in my research. Specifically, I am interested in looking at how social and sexual relations have changed in the bathhouse due to technologies in the 21st century such as PrEP, internet, and dating apps and how this in turn has affected the physical and social environs of the baths. The main aim of the authors research was to examine the social and political forces which contributed to the acceptance of gay saunas by Sydneys civic society. To answer this research question, he provides an in-depth description of the material (and immaterial) aspects of gay saunas in Sydney from the first gay sauna in 1967 to the year 2000, outlining distinct stages of evolution in the form/use of these structure. This data will form an important benchmark for my research which will explore the possible formation of a new architectural typology in the 21st century. The fact that this study, along with the work of Richters (2007), is one of the few literary works offering a detailed description of Sydneys baths, including floor plans and advertisements in the gay press, makes it the single most important source for my research. References Betsky, A. (1997). Queer Space: Architecture and Same-Sex Desire (1st edition). New York: William Morrow. Binson, D., Woods, W. J. (2003). A Theoretical Approach to Bathhouse Environments. Journal of Homosexuality, 44(3-4), 23-31. Bolton, R., Vincke, J., Mak, R. (1994). Gay Baths Revisited: An Empirical Analysis. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1(3), 255-273. Brodsky, J. I. (1993). The Mineshaft: A Retrospective Ethnography. Journal of Homosexuality, 24(3-4), 233-252. Castells, M. (1983). The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. London: Edward Arnold. Chauncey, G. (1995). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940 (unknown edition). New York: Basic Books. Foucault, M. (1990). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. (R. Hurley, Trans.) (Reissue edition). New York: Vintage. Knopp, L. (1995). Sexuality and Urban Space: A Framework for Analysis. In David Bell and Gill Valentine (Eds.), Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities (pp. 149-161). London and New York: Routledge. Knopp, L. (1998). Sexuality and Urban Space: Gay Male Identity Politics in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. In Ruth Fincher and Jane M. Jacobs (Eds.), Cities of Difference (pp. 149-176). New York: The Guilford Press. Lyons, A., Smith, A. M. A., Grierson, J. W., Doussa, H. von. (2010). Australian mens sexual practices in saunas, sex clubs and other male sex on premises venues. Sexual Health, 7(2), 186-192. Prior, J. H. (2004). Sydney gay saunas 1967-2000: Fight for civic acceptance and experiences beyond the threshold (Doctoral thesis). School of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of New South Wales. Richters, J. (2001). The Social Construction of Sexual Practice: Setting Sexual Culture and the Body in Casual Sex Between Men. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Rubin, G. (1991). The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole. In Mark Thomson (Ed.), Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice (pp. 119-141). Boston: Alyson Publications. Styles, J. (1979). Outsider/Insider: Researching Gay Baths. Urban Life, 8(2), 135-152. Tattelman, I. (1999). Speaking to the Gay Bathhouse: Communicating in Sexually Charged Spaces. In W. L. Leap (Ed.), Public Sex/ Gay Space (pp. 71-94). New York: Columbia University Press. Tattelman, I. (2000). Presenting a Queer (Bath) House. In J. A. Boone, M. Dupuis, M. Meeker, K. Quimby, C. Sarver, D. Silverman, R. Weatherston, Queer Frontiers: Millennial Geographies, Genders, and Generations (pp. 222-258). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Weinberg, M. S., Williams, C. J. (1975). Gay Baths and the Social Organization of Impersonal Sex. Social Problems, 23(2), 124-136.

Time Value of Money and Present Value

Date: 14/11/2012 52. Annuities: You are saving for the college education of your two children. They are two years apart in age; one will begin college 15 years from today and the other will begin 17 years from today. You estimate your children’s college expenses to be $23,000 per year per child, payable at the beginning of each school year. The annual interest rate is 5. 5 percent. How much money must you deposit in account each year to fund your children’s education? Your deposits begin one year from today. You will make your last deposit when your oldest child enters college. Assume four years of collegeSolution: Cost of 1 year at university = 23,000 N=4 I=5. 5% PMT=23,000 CPT PV = 80,618. 45 For the first child the PV = 80,618. 45/ (1. 055) ^14 = $38,097. 81 For the second child the PV = 80,618. 45/ (1. 055) ^16 = $34,229. 07 Therefore the total cost today of your children’s college expense will be the addition of the 2 = $72,326. 88 This is the present value of my annual savings, which are an annuity, so to get the amount I am supposed to save each year would be: PV=72,326. 88 N=15 I=5. 5 CPT PMT = 7,205. 6 57. Calculating Annuity Values: Bilbo Baggins wants to save money to meet three objectives.First, he would like to be able to retire 30 years from now with retirement income of $25,000 per month for 20 years, with the first payment received 30 years and 1 month from now. Second, he would like to purchase a cabin in Rivendell in 10 years at an estimated cost of $350,000. Third, after he passes on at the end of the 20 years of withdrawals, he would like to leave an inheritance of $750,000 to his nephew Frodo. He can afford to save $2,100 per month for the next 10 years. If he can earn an 11 percent EAR before he retires and an 8 percent EAR after he retires, how much will he have to save each month in years 11 through 30? Solution:First we get the FV of the 2,100 savings over 10 years Bilbo Baggins can afford to save $2,100 dollars per month for the next 10 years therefore at 10 years he would have saved: PMT = 2,100 I = 10. 48 / 12 = 0. 873 N = 10 x 12 = 120 CPT FV = $442,201. 15 So after 10 years he would be able to purchase his yacht at the price of $350,000, and he would be left with a balance of $92,201. 15 This $92,201. 15 will be our current PV at year 10. At year 30, the year when Bilbo retires, the $92,201. 15 would become 92,201. 15*(1. 11) ^20 = $620,283. 23 Second we have to find out how much the inheritance of 750,000 would be at year 30: 750,000/1. 8^20= $160,911. 16 Third In order for him to be able to withdraw a sum of 25,000 per month for the next 20 years after his retirement, we should now calculate this annuity’s present value: N= 20 x 12 = 240 I= 7. 72 / 12 = 0. 643 PMT= 25,000 CPT PV = $3,052,135. 26 Adding up the PV’s of the $750,000 and the annuity, we will get $3,213,046. 32 We will subtract the future value at year 30 of the $92,201. 15 ($620,283. 23) which we saved at year 10 from $3,213,046. 32 to get $2,592,763. 09 We are now left with an annuity that pays $2,592,763. 09 at year 30, and a time period of 20 years (yr11-30) To calculate the yearly PMT, we haveFV= $2,592,763. 09 I= 10. 48 / 12 = 0. 873 N= 20 x 12 = 240 CPT PMT = 3,207. 33 Therefore the monthly PMT Bilbo would have to save each month through years 11-30 would be = $3,207. 33 34. Valuing bonds: Mallory Corporation has two different bonds, currently outstanding. Bond M has a face value of $20,000 and matures in twenty years. The bond makes no payments for the first six years, then pays $1,200 every 6 months over the subsequent eight years, and finally pays $1,500 every 6 months over the last years. Bond N also has a face value of $20,000 and a maturity of 20 years; it makes n coupon payments over the life of the bond.If the required return on both these bonds is 10% compounded semiannually, what is the current price of bond M? Of bond N? Solution: The price of a bond is equal to PV of ex pected future cash flows Bond M: Face value 20,000 Present value of 20,000 = 20,000/ (1. 05) ^40 = $2,840. 91 First we need to get the present value of the annuity for the 1,500 semiannual PMTs at year 14 Present Value of Annuity = $13,295 $13,295 becomes $3,391 at year 0 We then get the annuity of the 1,200 semiannual PMTs at year 6, and then at Present Value $13,005 at year 6 with a PV of $7,242 at year 0 The sum of the 3 PV’s gives us the value of the bond ,841 + 3,391 + 7,242 = $13,474 Bond N Face value 20,000 Present value of 20,000 = 20,000/ (1. 05) ^40 = $2,840. 91 38. Non-constant growth: Storico Co. just paid a dividend of aud 3. 5 per share. The company will increase its dividend by 20% next year, and will then reduce its dividend growth rate by 5% per year, until it reaches the industry average of 5% industry average growth, after which the company will keep a constant growth rate forever. If the required return on Storico stock is 13%, what will a share of stock s ell for today? Solution  : D0 = $3. 5 D1= 3. 5*1. 2= $4. 2 D2= 4. 2*1. 15= $4. 3 D3=4. 83*1. 1= $5. 31 D4=5. 31*1. 05= $5. 58 Since the first 4 periods are different we get the PV of each one alone, then as of the 4th year we get the perpetuity of the rest, and sum them up to get the final NPV We now get the PV of each Dividend PV D1 = 4. 2/ (1. 13) = $3. 72 PV D2 = 4. 83/ (1. 13) ^2 = $3. 78 PV D3 = 5. 31/ (1. 13) ^3 = $3. 68 So the PVs of D1+D2+D3 = $11. 18 NPV of perpetuity at constant growth = 5. 58(0. 08) / (1. 13) ^3 = 69. 75 / (1. 13) ^3 = $48. 34 NPV perpetuity + NPV dividends = NPV price of stock today 48. 34 + 11. 18 = $59. 52

How Does Priestley Show That Tension Is at the Heart of the Birling Family?

Priestley presents tension in various ways withing in the Birling family. At the beginning of the play, Priestley creates his tension by changing the colour of the lighting. The start is a ‘low and intimate pink' which could suggest a hidden tension within the family home. After the inspector arrives the lighting changes to a ‘bright, harsh white light' which makes the family look like they are in the spotlight of a police interrogation. This shows that there is tension at the heart of the Birling family as it may be hidden to begin with, certain comments give the reader a small insight to what is hidden and not spoken of.The light of being under interrogation works well as Inspector Goole is there is to accuse them of a crime and then asks them a series of questions to reveal the truth and the all the tension they have hidden. One of the hidden tensions within the Birling family is the fact that Mr. Birling talking about his business with Gerald at the dinner table celeb rating Shelia and Gerald's engagement, ‘Now, Arthur, I don't think you ought to talk business on an occasion like this'.This presents hidden tension because Mrs. Birling doesn't say what she really thinks, which could be that Mr. Birling talks about his business too much. Mr. Birling does not follow instructions for long proving that he cares more about his work than his own family. As any wife would be annoyed with this as they think that it should always be the other way around, Mrs. Birling is the same but knows she will not get anywhere so sighs and leaves him to get on with it.

15 Promising Seasonal Jobs to Apply for this Fall and Winter

15 Promising Seasonal Jobs to Apply for this Fall and Winter Need to make a few extra dollars this season? While there’s always the option to get a gig as Santa’s Little Helper at the mall, there are lots of other options too. Here are 15 promising and interesting seasonal opportunities- all of them temporary and with flexible schedules.1. Election ClerkNeedless to say, it’s a big year for elections. Starting in November, there are lots of jobs for clerks to oversee the election process.2. Family Programs SupervisorLots of families hold events in the holiday season. Get a job as a staff member or event organizer, depending on your skills.3. Fly Casting InstructorHave a fly casting hobby? Turn that hobby into a part-time job teaching what you like best to those who want to know.4. Forms DeveloperForms are always floating around out there. Help make sure they comply with local, state, and federal specifications by helping to compare and mark-up forms needing to be changed.5. HR AdministratorHR departments always need assista nts- even (and sometimes especially) on a part-time or seasonal basis.6. IT Support Center CoordinatorThere are almost always short-term support jobs offered in the fall and winter in IT centers.7. PerformerAgain, many families and companies host events or parties. Many of these will be entertainment. You have a talent or skill you could use to perform at some of these?8. Print Quality Design ArchitectThere are lots of extra holiday print jobs out there. Companies will have opportunities for those qualified to help with the extra work load.9. Production DesignSome companies might need extra help with production design- processing, proofreading, and typesetting, etc.10. Admissions ReaderInstitutions and organizations with admissions processes always need preliminary readers.11. Sales AssociateRetail has its biggest time of the year over the holiday season. There are more shoppers and more opportunities for temporary sales work.12. Christmas Support ElfSanta needs help! If you’ re up for it, don your elf costume and go help the big man out!13. Retail Visual MerchandiserRetail pumps up their game for the holidays. Put your creative/aesthetic mind to work helping them show off their merchandise with a seasonal gig.14. Senior Tax AssociateReliable tax accountants are always in demand, particularly as we round the corner into the new year and inch closer to tax time.15. Ski InstructorLove to ski? Why not make money teaching new skiers to love your hobby too?

And Then There Was None by Agatha Christie essays

And Then There Was None by Agatha Christie essays Have you ever been in a dark, desolate room in complete seclusion from everyone else where you sense a presence nearby, but when you turn around, nobody's there? Have you ever been so afraid that you can't sleep at night? I believe that anyone who is an actual human being can agree with me that, in some way, everyone has felt some kind of fear and excitement due to a scary movie, book, or even reality. After reading this novel by Agatha Christie, And Then There Were None, I can honestly say that there is a book out there that can give me the shivers. Never have I been so afraid of a fictional - based story that I wasn't able to go to sleep that very same night I finished the novel. Not only did the plot of the story keep me on the edge of my seat, but the personalities and the secretiveness of the characters kept me in suspense as well. The novel takes place on Indian Island, a location known for publicity and curiosity, yet nobody knows for sure who owns this piece of land. In the beginning chapters of this book, you become familiar with the ten main characters who are out to spend an eight-day vacation on this secluded island with only a vague invitation with some variety on each one. The descriptions of each character are specified clearly, yet each holds a secret that they wouldn't dare to share with anyone else on the island. When the guests each arrive in their rooms, they find a riddle called "Ten Little Indians" which plays a significant role throughout the book, for this riddle tells the death of ten men on an island (ironic, eh?). By night time, they are all acquainted with each other, until a noise projecting from the wall tells a story about the guests and how they are all charged for a murder they could never be tried for. Now this book might somehow seem like an episode out of a "Clue" mysteryâ₠¬â€œbut did "Clue" ever give you the chills you get on the back of your neck? No, I didn't think so! Suddenly, in the few ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety and Monitorin Essay

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety and Monitorin - Essay Example In fact, it has been shown that MRI images are better for children and patients who were given anesthesia. However, the effects of these drugs vary by age and disease of the patient (Medical Advisory Secretariat, 2003). Figure 1. Keeping still a child in MRI is difficult without anesthesia. Figure courtesy of Asher, J., 2009. Kids’ Brain Development Charted As They Grow Up: First MRI Data Release on Young Children, Brain Chemistry. [online] Available at: Figure 2. Poor MRI image quality can result from movement during the procedure. Figure courtesy of CT Dictionary [online] Available at: Because of the health-related risks associated with MRI, the procedure and associated patient care, especially if anesthesia is opted, should be carefully planned prior to actual imaging. Patient care during the MRI setting includes monitoring, anesthetic care, as well as airway and emergency management (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009). ... Sedation also poses greater threat among those at risk of respiratory and cardiac problems or any change in physiologic status, since the sedated patient may get into respiratory depression or hemodynamic imbalance without being able to inform the MRI technologist. In addition, injured or critically ill patients can acquire central nervous system or cardiorespiratory complications once given with anesthesia (Medical Advisory Secretariat, 2003). These risks add onto the health problems that may arise due to the MRI imaging procedure itself. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (2009), anesthetic care in MRI involves moderate and deep sedation, monitoring, general anesthesia, and critical care or ventilator support, although minimal sedation or anxiolysis may be given to complete the scan safely and comfortably. Anesthesia in MRI is different from that in the operating rooms, because anesthesia-administering devices and monitoring equipment commonly used in the hospit al may not be functional in an MRI setting. In addition, direct patient observation may be hampered by noise, dark environment and obstructed line of sigh (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009). Patient care during MRI is vital, especially during high-risk imaging, which occurs among patients with health-related risks, and when using high-risk equipment or procedures. Health-related risks are present in patients with neonatal status, prematurity, intensive or critical care status, impaired respiratory function, hemodynamic abnormalities, required vasoactive infusion, obesity or peripheral vascular diseases. In addition, changes in levels of sedation, muscle relaxation or respiration that may pose minimal- or moderate-risk patients in high-risk conditions should be

I don't have an exact topic right now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I don't have an exact topic right now - Essay Example He even mentions one of his top ranking songs if the scale for each has to be chosen. But in as much as this ranking may be, he owes Thunder Road the attention it depicts by the more number of times he listens to it. In his explanation as to the reverence the song is accorded, he insists that the song is more than just mere experiences they yield (Hornby, 16). Will, as he is giving the account of his work on the Lyrical Ballads, especially when he points out to the experience in â€Å"Dead weight† is categorically to mention that in as much as he is going to remark various subjects of life; music can be such captivating and eventually make one wholly submerged into the whole process. This he points out when he says, â€Å"The twins looked like they’d been concocted in some secret lab buried deep in the vanilla heart of America† (Will, 73). Will confirms the sentiments, exemplifying this to Hornby’s account in the context of Thunder Road; music and its powe r to captivate is dictated by the aura with which it is presented. When this treatment is given to a piece of literature, a distinction must emanate from the individual items when subjected to comparisons. These judgments are based on many factors other than just emotions. They have under the scope, spatial scrutiny, time connections, just to mention but a few. Songs can vary in effect and outcome and this basically stems from an artiste’s structuring which in effect influences the listener’s preference for them. Will accounts this in one of the scenarios when he writes, â€Å"†¦one of the guys ran out of the songs and told me they were cutting the sound†¦. It started to happen: all thought and conscious effort dropped away†¦. After three more songs, I could feel myself rising.† (Will, 85). These genres are especially given a variety approach so that they are likable by a wide range of age groups; often brought about by the